Amar Singh history.

History of Maharana Amar Singh: Birth, childhood, third Jauhar of Chittor and Raj Gaddi

Maharana Amar Singh was born in the fort of Chittorgarh on 16 March 1559, when Maharana Udai Singh Sisodia was the ruler on the throne of Mewar. Maharana Udai Singh was Amar Singh's grandfather in a relationship, Maharana Amar Singh's childhood was spent in Chittorgarh for a few years. In those days, the Mughals were lying on the back of Chittor, and their military campaigns had to be repeated by Mewar.

Amidst these attacks, Maharana Udai Singh, who considered Mewar unsafe, settled the city of Udaipur in 1559 but after settling he remained in Chittor with family and army. In the year 1567, the Mughal Emperor Akbar attacked Chittor with a large army, he laid siege to Chittor for a long time. Akbar intended that Mewar's grain stock and other necessities be exhausted if all roads were closed after the siege, and they would be forced to fight or surrender.

But Mewar did not want to be under the Mughals under any circumstances and they decided to go to war. In 1568, there was a meeting at the court of Chittor and the courtiers asked Maharana Udai Singh and Maharana Pratap to go to Udaipur with their families so that they could save the future of Mewar.

The Mughal army was much larger than Mewar in that war, so everyone feared what would happen to Mewar after the war, with the decision of Maharana Udai Singh family and went to Mewar by a secret route. Maharana Amar Singh had spent only this time in Chittor, after his departure, there was a fierce war in Chittor on 23 February 1968, Rajput men socked and women did Jauhar.

The second Jauhar of Chitwargarh

Rajput soldiers in Chittodgarh

After Rani Padmavati and Rani Karnavati, this was the third Jauhar that took place in the fort of Chittor, Abu Fazl in his book Akbarnama mentions that the smell of burning and the black smoke emanating from the fort hurt Akbar heavily but the Mughals. Nevertheless, the enemies of Mewar remained. From 1568 to 1597, there were many wars between the Mughals and Mewar, one of them was the Battle of Haldighati which shook and weakened Mewar.

Maharana Pratap dies in 1597 and the history of his eldest son Maharana Amar Singh begins. On January 19, 1597, Maharana Amar Singh became the ruler of Mewar.

Like his father, he also takes iron from the Mughal Sultanate in his early Shashan period and keeps Mewar independent. His Shashan period, like that of Maharana Pratap, goes into wars from the very beginning, he is confronted by one Mughal military campaign after another, and every time he used to chase him empty-handed from Mewar. Let us now refer to these major Mughal campaigns and the treaty of Mewar with the Mughals.

War of Mewar and Mughal during the reign of Maharana Amar Singh

History states that there were a total of 17 wars between Amar Singh and the Mughals, after the death of Maharana Pratap, the Mughal emperor Akbar sent his military operations against Mewar Maharana Amar Singh in the years 1599 and 1603. In 1599, Akbar sent his emperor Salim to the Mewar war by making him commander-in-chief. But Shahzada Salim was not serious about this campaign and he returned for some time without fighting in Mewar. After Salim's departure, Maharana Amar Singh attacked the Mughal police stations in Mewar and killed a large number of Mughal soldiers and got all the police stations back in the princely state of Mewar.

mughal mewar sandhi

Mewar's army rushes to attack Mughal police stations

When Akbar came to know about these things, he again sent an expedition to Mewar in 1603 under the leadership of Shahzade Salim, at that time, Akbar was at an unhealthy and death Saiyyah and a mutual struggle was going on to gain power in the Mughal court. Shahzada Salim was also a part of these conspiracies and he also did not want anyone else to take away his rights, so this time too he went back immediately from the Mewar border.

Akbar dies in 1605 and his son Salim i.e. Jahangir becomes the new Mughal emperor. After becoming a Mughal emperor, Jahangir followed his father's policies and sent Mewar Mughal military expeditions in the years 1605, 1608, 1609, 1612 and 1613 to snatch Mewar from Maharana Amar Singh.

Mughal campaign towards Mewar

The expedition sent in 1605 was led by Parvez, Zafar Baig, Asif Khan and Sagar, Mughal forces numbered 22,000 soldiers and cavalry in that expedition. The main objective of this expedition was the slaughter of Maharana Amar Singh of Mewar, but it did not happen that Mewar suffered heavy loss of life and property but the purpose of the Mughals was not fulfilled and he returned. After this, in 1608, Jahangir again sent an expedition to war with Mewar, which was commanded by Mahabat Khan.

Mahabat Khan took Girwa, an area in Mewar, and took some Mewari warriors captive. After this action, Maharana Amar Singh decided to wage a guerrilla war and handed over the command of Bagh Singh and Megh Singh to Mewar.

Both warriors raided the Mughals during the night and Mahabat Khan had to flee after such a heavy attack. After this, two expeditions to Mewar come in 1609 and 1612, in which the first campaign was led by Abdullah and the second was led by King Basu. Due to these campaigns, the Mughals took possession of the area of ​​Chawand and Maharana Amar Singh left Chawand at that time and went to Udaipur.

Both these campaigns were also thwarted by the war policy of raiding by Mewar and the Mughals returned empty-handed. After such a failed campaign, Jahangir planned to send his next expedition to Mewar, which was the largest. Jahangir commanded this expedition to his prince Khurram, which is the same Khurram known in history as Shah Jahan.

     Mughal Mewar War

Moguls fleeing after the raid war

With the expedition Jahangir and Khurram marching towards Mewar and the two came up to Ajmer, Jahangir stayed in Ajmer so that he could keep an eye on this war between the Mughals and Maharana Amar Singh. Khurram's war policy was completely different, instead of attacking Mewar directly, he wanted to win a small part of Mewar.

Under this policy, Khurram divided his army into 5 Dalos. The first party will only go on rampage and sabotage, the second party will occupy the land, the third party will deliver the rashad material to the two parties ahead, the fourth party will coordinate between all the parties.

After this he formed a small and last team whose job was to send every news of his expedition to Jahangir. When the additional public money was required, the last party would report to Jahangir and meet the needs. Khurram proceeded with this expedition to Mewar and captured every Mughal Thane captured by Maharana Amar Singh.

Apart from this, Shah Jahan also established new Mughal Thane in the border of Mewar. But his real motive was still incomplete i.e. the Mughals were not able to subdue Mewar. Maharana Amar Singh foiled every Mughal expedition and did not allow Mewar to subdue him.

 Mewar after Maharana Pratap

Mewari Rajput soldiers shelling cannon shells on Mughals

Although Mewar may have won in the wars preceding this campaign, but the economic condition of Mewar was dilapidated after fighting so many wars, on the other hand, the Mughals were also in a good condition by sending their military campaigns again and again as the slave states were from time to time. Used to get taxes and their support too.

Treaty between Maharana Amar Singh and the Mughals and accepted terms of the treaty

In 1613, the Mughal campaign sent by Khurram's leadership started looting and seizing villages and police stations of Mewar under Khurram's policy.Had done it. They devastated the villages and fields of Mewar and took the citizens captive. Due to this movement of the Mughals, Mewar, which was already economically weak, now became socially weak as well.

Because the Mewari citizens held captive by the Mughals also included women, whom the Mughals started selling after being taken captive. Despite all this, Maharana Amar Singh wanted to fight, but on the persuasion of Rajdarbari and his son Karan Singh, Maharana Amar Singh sent a proposal to make a treaty with the Mughals to Khurram.

   Pichola, Udaipur, History

Udaipur Pichola lake shore palace where the treaty proposal was prepared.

On 5 February 1615, Haridas took Jhala and Shubhakaran treaty letter from Mewar and went to Khurram. Khurram was killing in the area of ​​Gogunda at that time, after listening to the treaty with Mewar, he rested the expedition and sent the treaty letter to Jahangir. Taking two letters to Jahangir, two men were named Mulla Shukallah Siraji and Sundar Das.

Jahangir was happy to hear of the treaty with Maharana Amar Singh because he was also upset that for many years the Mughals had lost a lot of their lives in wars with Mewar. He accepted the treaty without delay, this treaty was honorable, in which some conditions were put on behalf of Mewar which was accepted by Jahangir.

Why was the treaty between Maharana Amar Singh and Mughal, that is in front of you, now let's talk about the conditions of the Mughal and Mewar treaty, which is as follows

 Maharana Amar Singh himself will go to Gogunda in front of Khurram but not in the Mughal court, there his son Karan Singh will go.

 Mewar will have to join the ranks of the army in the Mughal court like other princely states, but Maharana Amar Singh will never go to the Mughal court to attend.

Mewar will always be ready to help the Mughals with 1000 horsemen.

 The fort of Chittorgarh under the Mughals will be liberated and given to Mewar, but they will not be able to repair the fort. The Mughals would never pressurize them to enter into a marital relationship with Mewar.

These were some of the conditions which were accepted by both the princely states, many things were talked about in the history of Maharana Amar Singh's treaty. Even today's historians are divided into two groups on this matter, one party considers it right and the other wrong. But when we read the history of Maharana Amar Singh in detail, as I said above, according to me, I also feel that this treaty is justified because if Mewar had not done the treaty at that time, then Mewar would have been destroyed because they had a lot of lack of public money. Been fighting the Mughals for half a decade.

After this treaty, Maharana Amar Singh was greatly hurt, he sadly handed over the assignment to his son Karan Singh and went into seclusion himself. During this solitude, the sad Maharana Amarsingh breathes his last on 26 January 1620 at a place called Ahad near Udaipur. At the same time, his marble umbrella is made in Ahad itself, after him his son Karan Singh becomes Maharana and the rule of Mewar is possible.